A new NHS review has revealed that an estimated 404,000 people in England suffer from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - a 62% increase from previous figures. The condition disproportionately affects middle-aged women, who are six times more likely to be diagnosed than men, and shows stark disparities across regions and ethnic groups. White individuals are nearly five times more likely to be diagnosed, and in many deprived areas, ME is underdiagnosed or entirely unrecorded. The condition, characterised by post-exertional malaise, brain fog, pain, and exhaustion, has long been misunderstood and underfunded. A national review was prompted by the 2021 death of 27-year-old Maeve Boothby O’Neill, who was left malnourished and unable to speak after years of medical neglect. Her case led to a coroner's unprecedented 'prevention of future deaths' report, demanding urgent reforms in ME care and research. Medical experts and charities are calling for improved training, diagnostic tools, and funding to address this silent health crisis. The NHS, NICE, and government-backed bodies are now reassessing care standards, research, and education for ME across the UK.