The UN's International Seabed Authority (ISA) has met to discuss new rules for ocean floor mineral extraction, despite concerns over economic and environmental risks. Supporters argue that deep sea mining will provide essential materials like cobalt and nickel for the global energy transition, while critics fear it could devastate ecosystems and disrupt migratory routes. Twenty-seven countries are calling for a temporary halt. The ISA council will negotiate a ‘mining code’ for regulating ocean floor mining. Nations remain divided on the draft, with many urging a slower process for proper scrutiny. The urgency stems from an expected application by Nauru for a mining licence. Critics argue that deep sea mining's economic viability remains unproven, with rising costs and significant environmental trade-offs.