At least 1,634 people were executed in 25 countries in 2015: this is the highest number of executions recorded since 1989. Most took place in China, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the USA - in that order. The true extent of the use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this is a state secret; so the figure of 1,634 excludes the thousands of executions believed to have been carried out in that country. 90% of all recorded executions took place in just three countries: Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The methods of killing used by governments are: beheading, hanging, lethal injection and shooting. In many countries where people were executed, the proceedings did not meet international fair trial standards: in some cases ‘confessions’ were extracted through torture in Bahrain, China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea and Saudi Arabia. Amnesty International could not confirm if executions had taken place in Syria.