Displaying items by tag: Europe

Italy has taken a major and symbolic step in addressing gender-based violence by unanimously passing a law that defines femicide - the killing of a woman because she is a woman - as a distinct crime punishable by a mandatory life sentence. Symbolically, the vote came on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, following intense national debate sparked by the murder of 22-year-old Giulia Cecchettin in 2023. Her sister’s call for society to confront deep-rooted patriarchy propelled public demand for change. Under the new law, cases motivated by control, discrimination, or retaliation for ending a relationship will be formally recorded as femicides. Supporters say this recognition exposes the true motivations behind such murders and encourages broader cultural reform. Critics argue that legislation alone cannot solve inequality, and that the definition of femicide is too vague and will prove difficult for judges to implement. Yet many believe this marks a vital shift -  a country full of stereotypes about women and notions of male superiority finally naming and confronting a long-hidden crisis. See also World article 1, about the global instances of femicide.

Hopes of a swift peace agreement to end Russia’s invasion of Ukraine have been tempered after the Kremlin cautioned against assuming a deal is close. Spokesman Dmitry Peskov said it was ‘premature’ to suggest a resolution may soon be reached, adding that outside actors - including the USA - might try to derail progress. His remarks followed more optimistic comments from Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov, who confirmed Moscow had received a revised US-backed proposal developed with Ukrainian officials. Transcripts of leaked conversations suggest Russian negotiators believe the final document could align closely with their demands, while Steve Witkoff is expected to meet Vladimir Putin for further talks. Donald Trump has repeatedly highlighted what he calls strong momentum, claiming major points of disagreement have already been resolved. Yet elements reportedly included in draft proposals, such as Ukraine relinquishing the Donetsk region and abandoning NATO ambitions, remain deeply contentious for Kyiv. Diplomatic negotiations continue amid uncertainty and conflicting public signals.

Ukraine has been shaken by its most serious political crisis since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion, after parliament voted to dismiss the energy and justice ministers in response to a major corruption investigation. The probe centres on an alleged $100 million scheme involving contracting at the state nuclear agency, implicating figures with close ties to the presidency and fuelling public outrage during a time of national sacrifice. Justice minister German Galushchenko and energy minister Svitlana Hrynchuk both resigned under pressure from Volodymyr Zelensky before lawmakers voted to remove them. While both deny wrongdoing, the scandal has energised opposition voices demanding deeper reforms, including changes within the president’s inner circle. Anti-corruption authorities have said their investigation, whose chief suspect is Zelenskiy's former business partner, includes other state agencies. With Ukraine still fighting for its survival against Russian aggression, the crisis underscores the critical need for transparency, accountability, and public trust in wartime leadership.

Poland is one of the highest-risk areas for trafficking in Europe, with 209,000 people currently trapped in modern slavery and many more vulnerable due to migration and regional conflict. Women and children make up the overwhelming majority of those exploited for sex. The country’s geography - bordering seven nations and serving as a transit hub - makes it a key route for traffickers. Although Poland has earned top marks from the USA for its commitment to combating exploitation, law enforcement resources remain stretched too thin to meet the growing need for protection. International Justice Mission (IJM), the world’s largest anti-trafficking organisation, has now launched a formal partnership in Poland, building on its success in Romania and other regions. Working with authorities, NGOs, and survivors, IJM will focus on strengthening investigations, ensuring survivor care, and driving systemic change, with the aim of protecting millions from abuse and exploitation.

Thousands of demonstrators in Belgrade have formed a human shield around the bomb-damaged former Yugoslav defence ministry building, vowing to stop its redevelopment into a luxury complex tied to a company owned by Jared Kushner, Donald Trump's son-in-law. The $500 million project, backed by president Aleksandar Vučić’s pro-Trump government, aims to transform the ruins - once bombed by NATO in 1999 - into a hotel and office district. Critics, however, see the move as an affront to national memory, calling the complex a sacred symbol of resistance against foreign aggression. Lawmakers recently fast-tracked legislation to permit construction despite an ongoing criminal investigation into alleged document forgery used to strip the site’s heritage status. The protests, led largely by students and youth movements, echo wider anger over corruption and government control. As chants of defiance echoed through the capital, protesters pledged unity to defend Serbia’s architectural and historical integrity against what they view as political and economic exploitation.

Donald Trump has granted Hungary a one-year exemption from US sanctions on Russian oil and gas purchases, marking a diplomatic win for Viktor Orbán. The move followed Orbán’s visit to Washington, where Trump expressed sympathy for Hungary’s dependence on Russian energy as a landlocked nation. The decision contrasts sharply with Trump’s recent threats to penalise countries doing business with sanctioned Russian energy firms. In return, Hungary agreed to buy hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of US natural gas. While the arrangement may ease Hungary’s energy pressures, it risks deepening tensions within the EU, where many leaders oppose Orbán’s continued cooperation with Moscow. Trump praised Orbán’s leadership and hinted at shared goals for ending the war in Ukraine, underscoring their close personal and political alliance amid growing divisions over energy, sanctions, and peace strategy in Europe.

Vladimir Putin’s announcement that Russia may resume nuclear testing marks one of the most dangerous escalations in global security since the Cold War. He has instructed senior military and intelligence officials to prepare proposals for possible tests at the Novaya Zemlya site in the Arctic - where the Soviet Union in the past had detonated more than 200 nuclear devices, but none since 1990. The move follows Donald Trump’s declaration that the USA would restart its own nuclear tests, for the first time since 1992. Both leaders’ actions revive fears of an uncontrolled arms race, just as the last major nuclear treaty between Washington and Moscow nears expiry. Analysts warn that renewed testing could shatter global non-proliferation norms and invite imitation from other states.

The Netherlands’ latest election has upended expectations, signalling both renewal and deep division in Dutch politics. After two years of turmoil and paralysis, centrist liberal party D66, led by 38-year-old Rob Jetten, surged to an unprecedented victory, capturing 26 seats and dethroning the far-right PVV of Geert Wilders. Jetten’s optimistic, reform-minded campaign, focused on housing, education, and stability, resonated with voters weary of scandal and polarisation. Meanwhile, Christian Democrat leader Henri Bontenbal’s call for ‘decent politics’ also struck a chord, reviving his party’s fortunes. The left, however, suffered a major setback: Frans Timmermans’ GreenLeft-Labour alliance fell short, prompting his resignation. Though Wilders’ PVV lost eleven seats, he remains a potent opposition voice, vowing to continue disrupting from the sidelines. Coalition-building will now test Jetten’s leadership in a fragmented landscape, where bridging ideological divides may prove harder than winning the vote itself.

Iran’s release of French citizens Cécile Kohler and Jacques Paris, after more than three years in detention, marks a cautious diplomatic breakthrough between Tehran and Paris. The couple, accused of espionage by Iran (a charge France has consistently rejected), were freed from Evin prison and are now safe at the French embassy in Tehran, awaiting full repatriation. Their detention, widely viewed as part of Iran’s pattern of ‘hostage diplomacy’, strained bilateral relations and drew condemnation from European governments. The timing of their release follows reports of a prisoner exchange involving an Iranian woman previously held in France. While France celebrates this humanitarian outcome, the case underscores the precarious position of foreign nationals in politically charged environments and the moral complexity of negotiating freedom under coercive diplomacy. For Kohler and Paris, freedom comes after 1,277 days of unjust imprisonment - and for France, it signals relief tempered with renewed diplomatic caution.

A groundbreaking approach to diagnosing endometriosis offers potential to revolutionise research and treatment of the disease. Affecting one in ten women, endometriosis often goes undiagnosed for years. Traditionally, diagnosis involves invasive procedures like laparoscopy. However, scientists in Spain and France have developed a method of analysing blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) directly from menstrual samples. This preserves the cells' molecular integrity, allowing researchers to study endometriosis more accurately. By using a technique common in cancer diagnosis, researchers achieved an 81% accuracy rate in distinguishing endometriosis patients from healthy individuals. This non-invasive method, developed by endogene.bio and collaborators, could reduce diagnosis time from years to weeks. The study has gained attention from the pharmaceutical industry, as potentially it could transform endometriosis management and patient care. The co-founder of endogene.bio says: ‘This world-first approach to endometriosis research and diagnosis is truly game-changing for women’s health.’